What are Ovarian Cysts: Types, Symptoms & Diagnosis Options
Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs or pockets that develop on or within an ovary. They are quite common, especially during a woman’s childbearing years, and most are benign (non-cancerous) and go away on their own without treatment. However, some cysts can cause symptoms and require medical attention.
Types of Ovarian Cysts
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Functional Cysts: The most common type, related to the menstrual cycle. These include:
- Follicular cysts: Form when the follicle (the sac that holds the egg) doesn’t rupture or release its egg.
- Corpus luteum cysts: Develop if the follicle seals off after releasing the egg and then fills with fluid.
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Pathological Cysts: Less common, these can be benign or malignant and are not related to the menstrual cycle.
- Dermoid cysts: Contain tissues such as hair, skin, or teeth because they form from embryonic cells.
- Cystadenomas: Develop on the surface of an ovary and can be filled with a watery or mucous substance.
- Endometriomas: Caused by endometriosis, where uterine cells grow outside the uterus and attach to the ovary, forming a cyst.
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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS): A condition where many small cysts develop on the ovaries due to hormonal imbalance.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cysts
While many ovarian cysts do not cause symptoms and resolve on their own, some can cause:
- Pelvic pain, ranging from a dull ache to severe pain
- Bloating or swelling in the abdomen
- Pain during bowel movements or sexual intercourse
- Frequent urination or difficulty emptying the bladder
- Unusual menstrual bleeding
- Nausea or vomiting, especially if the cyst causes the ovary to twist (ovarian torsion)
Diagnosis Options
If an ovarian cyst is suspected, your doctor may recommend several diagnostic tests:
- Pelvic Examination: The first step in detecting abnormalities in the pelvic area.
- Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to create an image of the ovaries, helping to identify the cyst’s size, shape, and location.
- Blood Tests: To measure hormone levels and check for pregnancy.
- CA-125 Blood Test: To detect a protein that is often elevated in women with ovarian cancer, used if there is a suspicion of cancer.
- Laparoscopy: A surgical procedure where a thin tube with a camera is inserted into the abdomen to view the ovaries and remove cysts if necessary.
Consult Dr. Bharathi Sudha – Best Gynecologist in Gachibowli-Kondapur
For those experiencing symptoms of ovarian cysts or seeking expert advice on women’s health, Dr. Bharathi Sudha is a highly recommended gynecologist in the Gachibowli-Kondapur area. With extensive experience and a compassionate approach, Dr. Bharathi Sudha provides comprehensive care tailored to each patient’s needs.
FAQ'S
Ovarian cysts are often caused by hormonal changes, endometriosis, pregnancy, and severe pelvic infections.
Most ovarian cysts do not affect fertility, but conditions like PCOS can impact a woman’s ability to conceive.
Treatment depends on the cyst’s type and symptoms. Options range from watchful waiting and hormonal contraceptives to surgical removal.
While most ovarian cysts are benign, a small percentage can be cancerous, particularly in postmenopausal women. Regular monitoring is crucial.
If you experience severe pelvic pain, bloating, or changes in your menstrual cycle, it is essential to consult a healthcare provider promptly for evaluation and appropriate management.